Botulinum toxins are large, easily denatured proteins... by heating to 80°C (176°F) for 20 minutes or > 85°C (185°F) for at least 5 minutes. Their heat resistan

Botulinum toxins are large, easily denatured proteins... by heating to 80°C (176°F) for 20 minutes or > 85°C (185°F) for at least 5 minutes. Their heat resistance varies with composition of the food or other medium, and the concentration of the toxin. Reports suggest that HTST pasteurization (72°C/162°F for 15 seconds) is likely to inactivate most or all of the toxin in contaminated milk, while conventional pasteurization at 63°C/145°F for 30 minutes seems to be less effective. Chlorine and other agents can destroy botulinum toxins in water. The vegetative cells of C. botulinum are susceptible to many disinfectants, including 1% sodium hypochlorite and 70% ethanol, but clostridial spores are very resistant to inactivation. They can be destroyed in the autoclave with moist heat (120°C/ 250°F for at least 15 minutes) or dry heat (160°C for 2 hours) or by irradiation. The spores of group I strains are inactivated by heating at 121°C (250°F) for 3 minutes during commercial canning. Spores of group II strains are less heat-resistant, and they are often damaged by 90°C (194°F) for 10 minutes, 85°C for 52 minutes, or 80°C for 270 minutes; however, these treatments may not be sufficient in some foods. https://www.cfsph.iastate.edu/Factsheets/pdfs/botulism.pdf https://www.cfsph.iastate.edu/Factsheets/pdfs/botulism.pdf