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One of the foundational text of liberalism, 'On Liberty' from J. S. Mill, is pretty clear that the threat to individual liberty is not just from the government,
by zajio1am 3y ago
One of the foundational text of liberalism, 'On Liberty' from J. S. Mill, is pretty clear that the threat to individual liberty is not just from the government, but from the society itself:
Like other tyrannies, the tyranny of the majority was at first, and is still
vulgarly, held in dread, chiefly as operating through the acts of the public
authorities. But reflecting persons perceived that when society is itself the
tyrant - society collectively, over the separate individuals who compose it -
its means of tyrannising are not restricted to the acts which it may do by the
hands of its political functionaries. Society can and does execute its own
mandates: and if it issues wrong mandates instead of right, or any mandates at
all in things with which it ought not to meddle, it practises a social tyranny
more formidable than many kinds of political oppression, since, though not
usually upheld by such extreme penalties, it leaves fewer means of escape,
penetrating much more deeply into the details of life, and enslaving the soul
itself. Protection, therefore, against the tyranny of the magistrate is not
enough: there needs protection also against the tyranny of the prevailing
opinion and feeling; against the tendency of society to impose, by other means
than civil penalties, its own ideas and practices as rules of conduct on those
who dissent from them; to fetter the development, and, if possible, prevent
the formation, of any individuality not in harmony with its ways, and compel
all characters to fashion themselves upon the model of its own.