> How do you usually do caching for complex, multi-language projects in this case? As a software engineer, I do my best to keep my systems as simple as possibl

> How do you usually do caching for complex, multi-language projects in this case? As a software engineer, I do my best to keep my systems as simple as possible. Each build stage either caches artifacts or delivers deployable packages, and they consume dependencies that are either built in each pipeline run or already delivered through other means. > How do you guarantee _only_ changed targets are rebuilt when dependencies, Why do you want that? Other than saving a few pennies here and there in pipeline runs, you do not have anything to gain. Your builds should consume dependencies already packaged and delivered, either from a OS image, your own container image, or a package deployed by you or a third party, and your build must be reproducible and tied to each and every pipeline run. > like a language version or external library, change? If you're mindlessly bumping up language versions and external libraries, you have more pressing problems with your setup than what's supported by the CICD system you're using.