SIMs did have issues like this too, usually more about the phone than the SIM itself. Buy used phone, pop in new SIM, find it's locked to the old SIM on AT&T's

SIMs did have issues like this too, usually more about the phone than the SIM itself. Buy used phone, pop in new SIM, find it's locked to the old SIM on AT&T's side. Try to switch carriers, find it's carrier-locked. But eSIMs add extra layers of stuff that can go wrong.