Is Prolog a functional language, as it avoids state manipulation but has no first-class functions? I think not. There are some characteristics of functional lan

Is Prolog a functional language, as it avoids state manipulation but has no first-class functions? I think not. There are some characteristics of functional languages - including first class and higher order functions, relying on immutability, declarativity etc. Choosing just one of them to measure how much a language is "functional" is a mistake IMO.