I just looked up this paper from "other places". The author evolves an FPGA to discriminate between 1Khz and 10Khz square waves. I don't know that much about FP

I just looked up this paper from "other places". The author evolves an FPGA to discriminate between 1Khz and 10Khz square waves. I don't know that much about FPGAs, but it seems like such a task should not be possible without an external clock signal, since otherwise the output wave-form the 10Khz signal should simply be the 1Khz signal sped up 10x. Somehow, evolution learned to make use of electrical and thermal effects to accomplish the task. There were even units that were electrically separated from the rest of the device which were crucial to its functioning. Pretty amazing.