> Perhaps, though I could see there being issues like "I see fish on our left" "well, you're always wrong so we are going right" being an issue. This isn't a b

> Perhaps, though I could see there being issues like "I see fish on our left" "well, you're always wrong so we are going right" being an issue. This isn't a black box because the whalesong encodes some type of behavior that we could, in theory, observe and decode even if we didn't understand the atomic pieces of the whalesong. It's how you study any unknown language--you learn a few relations and then gradually build up a richer lexicon and grammar that gives finer-grained understanding. I'm not sure what the dog whistle example is intended to demonstrate, as even human language has a significant learned component.