> Vs EMV-based systems like London where you have to stop and wait for the card reader Throughput depends on the people being ready. In London the TfL gates (

> Vs EMV-based systems like London where you have to stop and wait for the card reader Throughput depends on the people being ready. In London the TfL gates (both train/underground) have a delay on closing, so it's possible for the next person's pass (whatever it is) to be scanned before the gates close. At busy times there are enough people already ready with their passes that the gates don't shut at all between scans and there is steady flow of people passing through. It only fails when someone faffs a bit too long with their pass/phone/watch/etc and you get a temporary stall. Even approaching a closed gate it's possible, with a bit of practice and an outstretched arm, to walk through without having to break stride. You do have to be careful of some people intentionally using an invalid card, resulting in the gates closing, and the person behind them letting them through with their subsequent scan whilst being left at the gate themselves (easily solved by then going to see one of the gate operatives and explaining the situation). The things that aren't quite there yet, in terms of speed, are the QR codes being used for digital rail tickets, they have a separate optical reader (obviously) that doesn't work quickly/easily enough to walk through without breaking stride as you have to faff with a piece of paper or your phone rather than a simple NFC.