> Then, when does reconciliation happen? When either party goes online? What if it is not a closed loop system? Then, reconciliation needs to happen for both pa

> Then, when does reconciliation happen? When either party goes online? What if it is not a closed loop system? Then, reconciliation needs to happen for both parties independently. How long can either You can solve that by actually having the money in the device so that reconciliation is not required, digital cash like the abandoned Mondex stored value system.