A potential heuristic for the optimal number of management layers in any company is the base10 log of the total number of employees. Assuming 1 manager oversee

A potential heuristic for the optimal number of management layers in any company is the base10 log of the total number of employees. Assuming 1 manager oversees 10 people (then -1 to subtract lowest level of engineers). Google 190,000 => ~4 levels of managers (5 - 1 = 4) Apple 164,000 => ~4 etc.