None of these things happened under Al-Andalus prior to the Reconquista which I think shows the bias of the author. There were of course persecutions that happe

None of these things happened under Al-Andalus prior to the Reconquista which I think shows the bias of the author. There were of course persecutions that happened of non-Muslims. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_and_cultural_exchange_in_al-Andalus https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_and_cultural_exchange_i... Similarly, some of the examples of bad things the author cited are stretching plausibility to kind of imply that they were a result of Christian rule when they happened in the 19th century in the Spanish Civil War era. edit: forgot to mention that slavery appeared to be practiced by Muslims and Jews in Al-Andalus. At the time of the formation of Al-Andalus, Muslims were prohibited from enslaving fellow believers, but there was a slave trade of non-Muslims in which Muslims and local Jewish merchants traded in Spanish and Eastern European Christian slaves https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slavery_in_colonial_Spanish_America https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slavery_in_colonial_Spanish_Am...