This is an interesting point but does rely on a rather narrow definition of “type safety”. By any definition I have used, the code is type safe in those final e

This is an interesting point but does rely on a rather narrow definition of “type safety”. By any definition I have used, the code is type safe in those final examples. It has a bug, most definitely, but it isn’t type unsafe in the way that reading a chunk of memory intended to hold type A as if it was holding a type B is