From my conversations with some Toyota software engineers, they have a respectably sophisticated modern software/tech stack. There's a ton of C++ since they ha

From my conversations with some Toyota software engineers, they have a respectably sophisticated modern software/tech stack. There's a ton of C++ since they have to interface with hardware. For tooling and internal applications it's a lot of Rails/Elixir/Javascript. Web APIs are backed by Elixir/Go. Data processing in Scala/Spark. Infrastructure in AWS, orchestrated with k8s. Truly agile prototyping then polish, significant automated testing. Honestly, it makes "big tech" look like dinosaurs with their megasized-Java projects and 3:1 PM:engineer ratio waterfall planning once a year releases. What they're missing is the operational experience with operating the software at scale.