Historically schools were usually a way to do one of two things: provide a strong education (mostly in the humanities) to the upper class, and teach basic liter

Historically schools were usually a way to do one of two things: provide a strong education (mostly in the humanities) to the upper class, and teach basic literary skills so that kids could read religious scriptures and then later, post Enlightenment, adequately participate in government and society (including basic arithmetic and non-religious literary skills). The first public schools in New England were motivated by the pre-Enlightenment attitude and public schools became more widespread with the post-Enlightenment attitude. The idea of public schools as a way to enforce national unity (~WW1 when it became a priority in the US to de-italicize ethnic identities and loyalties) and teach kids skills that would set them up for nationally important jobs like those in science and technology (Cold War) was a much later phenomenon.