The way I’ve seen it is each kid usually has a grade-specific curriculum they are following. There can be cross-pollination on some topics/deep dives and extrac

The way I’ve seen it is each kid usually has a grade-specific curriculum they are following. There can be cross-pollination on some topics/deep dives and extracurriculars that different ages will get different amounts out of, but the typical model isn’t ‘all the kids are in the same classroom learning the same thing synchronously’. Rather, you are switching between between each as they asynchronously progress in their individual lessons: Johnny needs help on this math lesson while Sally is making independent progress on vocabulary, and vice versa. Even if they are waiting sometimes, the dead weight loss is still way smaller than in 30-person typical classrooms.