Even in countries where grad students are not exploited, where all PhD students are paid a local middle-class salary, universities still don’t generally provide

Even in countries where grad students are not exploited, where all PhD students are paid a local middle-class salary, universities still don’t generally provide such language services for free. If the PhD student is working under a funded project, then why should the university pay if the grant money can? Or if the student must pay out of his own pocket, then this one-time expense is seen as something that a student can manage himself instead of the university incurring further costs. Universities are often resourced in that they will maintain a pool of knowledgeable native speakers of English or the local language who can provide language revision. It’s just that that service won’t be free.