Descartes' and Spinoza's view as you are describing them are purely philosophical and don't have any bearing on the empirical science. I don't see how your des

Descartes' and Spinoza's view as you are describing them are purely philosophical and don't have any bearing on the empirical science. I don't see how your description Hume's contribution extends beyond basic scientific method, developed by Francis Bacon, Galileo et al