Apparently, smokers take more sick leave days than non-smokers. From the same report linked in this comment chain, page 53: > As another example, the Analysis

Apparently, smokers take more sick leave days than non-smokers. From the same report linked in this comment chain, page 53: > As another example, the Analysis of Costs & Benefits also considers potential gains to productivity. There is sufficient evidence both in Australia and internationally to conclude that smokers take more sick leave than non-smokers. There are also academic reports that estimate the level of excess absenteeism attributable to smoking. Using these sources, and others, the Analysis of Costs & Benefits estimated productivity gains that would be realised where the tobacco plain packaging measure prevents initiation of smoking or increases the number of smokers who quit. The estimated value per working smoker avoided is $337.48 per year and the value of increased productivity per working quitter is estimated at $84.37 per year. The report doesn't cite those studies, but here's one from Sweden: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2598486/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2598486/ > Smoking was found to increase the annual number of days of absence by 10.7 compared with never smoking. Controlling for risk factors at work, and thereby accounting for some of the selection of smokers into riskier jobs, reduced the effect to 9.7 days, corresponding to 38% of all annual absences due to sickness. Moreover, controlling for health status further reduced the effect of smoking to 7.7 days. The effect of smoking on sick leave was similar for men and women. and another from Taiwan: https://tobaccocontrol.bmj.com/content/14/suppl_1/i33 https://tobaccocontrol.bmj.com/content/14/suppl_1/i33 > Using a conservative estimate of excess absenteeism from work, male smokers took off an average of 4.36 sick days and male non-smokers took off an average of 3.30 sick days. Female smokers took off an average of 4.96 sick days and non-smoking females took off an average of 3.75 sick days. As a side note, the stark difference between those two countries in excess sick leave is the average annual days of sick leave: 25.2 in Sweden, 3.9 in Taiwan.