There's no strong benefit to consumers, and the industrial use cases never materialised because telcos have not rolled out services like URLLC, MMTC, compliant

There's no strong benefit to consumers, and the industrial use cases never materialised because telcos have not rolled out services like URLLC, MMTC, compliant edge-compute (MEC) platforms with full 5GC integration (e.g., MEC app registration, auto routing of UE traffic to MEC services, etc.) The telcos I deal with don't even have a business model or a way to price enterprise services delivering these new 5G features, they're just selling a pipe with newer tech and asking for more money. There are a bunch of companies, research organisations, and universities building and making demos but hardly any of these make it to production. Here's an example of a working system: Local 5G and TETRA interconnected at Narita International Airport: https://www.ntt-east.co.jp/en/release/detail/20230519_01.html https://www.ntt-east.co.jp/en/release/detail/20230519_01.htm... I work in this space... 5G coverage is a lot worse in most places than 4G or even 3G. As for the overhyped applications like remote surgery, remote tele-operated robots, 5G-driven cars, etc., don't hold your breath. mmWave 5G is a dud - it has some promise but again telcos are not investing money to roll out mmWave. Telcos aggressively marketed 5G to consumers at a premium price point but they offer very limited benefits in limited situations. Even routine functions like cell to cell handoffs are often smoother in 4G than with 5G, not because of the spec but because of other factors. 5G was overhyped and it failed to deliver any value except in a few situations.