Your first point is a good one, at some point the costs aren't worth it. Perhaps the solution there is toll roads instead of freeways because then a large porti

Your first point is a good one, at some point the costs aren't worth it. Perhaps the solution there is toll roads instead of freeways because then a large portion of the costs are imposed on the users. Your second point relates to your first because induced demand doesn't say that increasing road capacity isn't useful. It tells us that now instead getting coffee one exit away, maybe you go to the better place two exits away. Was that extra capacity worth it? You'd have to tally a lot of intangibles to answer that. My premise is that the more rapidly people can get around the city the better demand can meet supply, reducing costs and improving quality. Maybe one way to answer the question would be to look at comparable cities where one has built their transportation routes out heavily and another where they haven't and compare various costs and quality of life measures.