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What I still struggle to understand with these systems is they seem great for single resource authorization, but how do you perform bulk queries? For example, a

What I still struggle to understand with these systems is they seem great for single resource authorization, but how do you perform bulk queries? For example, a user wants to query all blogs they have access to (assuming there are large amounts of them), does that require separate authorization logic in the DB?

random3 3y ago
From short scans of the papers, at least with Zanzibar, AFAIK you can define entities and relations (think groups of users and directories) and infer rights based on those. I'm assuming Zanzibar backs the actual Goolge 360 document sharing so presumably it would scale for that use-case.
- RandomBK 3y ago
  The google paper refers to the existence of some 'permissions-aware index' (paraphrasing) that's used to answer range queries like this, but doesn't cover how this index would work. I know various Zanzibar implementations have exposed APIs to solve this problem, but I still don't have a great intuitive understanding of how they work beyond 'push the ACL logic into the data layer', which brings us back to a pre-zanzibar world.
jen20 3y ago
Zanzibar in particular is designed to be able to answer the question "what can this user access?", or "who can access resource X?" as well as "can user Y access resource Y?". This article from OSO [1] explains how, with references to tweets from Lea Kissner (one of the authors of the paper and implementors) which are unfortunately less useful now that Twitter threads have been vandalised. [1]: https://www.osohq.com/post/zanzibar https://www.osohq.com/post/zanzibar
bfeynman 3y ago
What do you mean separate authorization logic? There are many layers to auth and usually they act as interceptors in request that go very fast. If you have blanket permissions to list, you are able to list resources you have access to... that's trivial. However `Blog` resources might have explicit deny policies on them as well, so yes those are also evaluated. Not sure how else you'd expect it to work sans caching like current state of resources and access.
- ahoka 3y ago
  Yes, you need to consider authorization at every layer. You can blanket deny a lot of things in a midlayer, but sooner or later you need to start interpreting business logic to do the rest.
turtles3 3y ago
This, especially when you combine it with pagination, filtering and ordering requirements. Zanzibar implementations (eg. Spicedb, keto etc) offer functionality for listing resources accessible to a given principal, but as far as I can see none have a coherent solution for filtering and ordering. The only solution I can see to this is as you suggest maintaining a shadow copy of the relationships in your db so you can answer the question with a regular SQL query. This obviously comes with a lot of headaches, and is the sole factor preventing us from adopting one of these systems, so I really hope I'm wrong about this.
gemanor 3y ago
Data filtering implementation has different approaches among the mentioned policy engine. For OPA, custom Rego code could return the allowed data, and the caching mechanism will ensure its consistency and reliability. For Zanzibar, since the policy derived from the data relations, data filtering is using is an internal part of the paper. I recommend the following article for more information about policy as code and policy as data to understand the context better - https://www.permit.io/blog/zanzibar-vs-opa https://www.permit.io/blog/zanzibar-vs-opa
jzelinskie 3y ago
Full disclosure: I'm a maintainer of SpiceDB, the most mature open source project inspired by Zanzibar For this exact use case, SpiceDB created two APIs not available in Zanzibar: LookupSubjects and LookupResources. For other scenarios, there's also a BulkCheck API to performing many checks with less request overhead. The sibling comment here is correct that there isn't filtering/sorting available in SpiceDB yet. Additionally, there are folks using SpiceDB today by replicating denormalized checks back into their database (e.g. Postgres) or search index (e.g. Elastic) so that you can filter them natively. This is the combination of the aforementioned Lookup APIs with our Watch API. While this strategy requires moving parts, it is necessary beyond a particular scale which is well beyond the point at which policy engines typically fall over. While I'm biased, I do find this article somewhat misleading when describing Zanzibar-inspired systems; it presents opinion without any evidence or examples to justify the claim and concludes it as fact, but that might be because they're leaning on their previous article. Zanzibar is novel because it is fundamentally designed to be ran at the edge and solves the difficult problem of keeping the view of data at the edge consistent. This article conveniently leaves out how other systems get data to the edge while still keeping it consistent for their authorization logic. Latency is also brought up, but we recently managed to scale SpiceDB to >1M requests per second with 100B relationships while maintaining a 5ms p95 measured at the client application[0]. The claim that you absolutely need a service to run a Zanzibar system is a provably false claim based on the number of clusters in the wild running SpiceDB or Ory's Keto project. [0]: https://authzed.com/blog/google-scale-authorization https://authzed.com/blog/google-scale-authorization
- orweis 3y ago
  Jimmy I truly think you're awesome (And so is SpiceDB), but the irony here stands out: "it presents opinion without any evidence or examples to justify the claim and concludes it as fact" You mean stuff like: 1) "SpiceDB, the most mature open source project inspired by Zanzibar" (though I'd vouch for that one) 2) " it is necessary beyond a particular scale which is well beyond the point at which policy engines typically fall over." 3) "Zanzibar is novel because it is fundamentally designed to be ran at the edge" 4) "we recently managed to scale SpiceDB to >1M requests per second with 100B relationships while maintaining a 5ms p95 measured at the client application" - you should bundle that statement with you need to set it up within your own VPC for it to be fair. 5) "The claim that you absolutely need a service to run a Zanzibar system is a provably false claim based on the number of clusters in the wild running SpiceDB or Ory's Keto project" - how many clusters? :) Re: "This article conveniently leaves out how other systems get data to the edge while still keeping it consistent for their authorization logic" The article actually does mention OPAL [0] [0]: https://www.permit.io/blog/introduction-to-opal https://www.permit.io/blog/introduction-to-opal

random3 3y ago

From short scans of the papers, at least with Zanzibar, AFAIK you can define entities and relations (think groups of users and directories) and infer rights based on those. I'm assuming Zanzibar backs the actual Goolge 360 document sharing so presumably it would scale for that use-case.

RandomBK 3y ago
The google paper refers to the existence of some 'permissions-aware index' (paraphrasing) that's used to answer range queries like this, but doesn't cover how this index would work. I know various Zanzibar implementations have exposed APIs to solve this problem, but I still don't have a great intuitive understanding of how they work beyond 'push the ACL logic into the data layer', which brings us back to a pre-zanzibar world.

jen20 3y ago

Zanzibar in particular is designed to be able to answer the question "what can this user access?", or "who can access resource X?" as well as "can user Y access resource Y?". This article from OSO [1] explains how, with references to tweets from Lea Kissner (one of the authors of the paper and implementors) which are unfortunately less useful now that Twitter threads have been vandalised. [1]: https://www.osohq.com/post/zanzibar https://www.osohq.com/post/zanzibar

bfeynman 3y ago

What do you mean separate authorization logic? There are many layers to auth and usually they act as interceptors in request that go very fast. If you have blanket permissions to list, you are able to list resources you have access to... that's trivial. However `Blog` resources might have explicit deny policies on them as well, so yes those are also evaluated. Not sure how else you'd expect it to work sans caching like current state of resources and access.

ahoka 3y ago
Yes, you need to consider authorization at every layer. You can blanket deny a lot of things in a midlayer, but sooner or later you need to start interpreting business logic to do the rest.

turtles3 3y ago

This, especially when you combine it with pagination, filtering and ordering requirements. Zanzibar implementations (eg. Spicedb, keto etc) offer functionality for listing resources accessible to a given principal, but as far as I can see none have a coherent solution for filtering and ordering. The only solution I can see to this is as you suggest maintaining a shadow copy of the relationships in your db so you can answer the question with a regular SQL query. This obviously comes with a lot of headaches, and is the sole factor preventing us from adopting one of these systems, so I really hope I'm wrong about this.

gemanor 3y ago

Data filtering implementation has different approaches among the mentioned policy engine. For OPA, custom Rego code could return the allowed data, and the caching mechanism will ensure its consistency and reliability. For Zanzibar, since the policy derived from the data relations, data filtering is using is an internal part of the paper. I recommend the following article for more information about policy as code and policy as data to understand the context better - https://www.permit.io/blog/zanzibar-vs-opa https://www.permit.io/blog/zanzibar-vs-opa

jzelinskie 3y ago

Full disclosure: I'm a maintainer of SpiceDB, the most mature open source project inspired by Zanzibar For this exact use case, SpiceDB created two APIs not available in Zanzibar: LookupSubjects and LookupResources. For other scenarios, there's also a BulkCheck API to performing many checks with less request overhead. The sibling comment here is correct that there isn't filtering/sorting available in SpiceDB yet. Additionally, there are folks using SpiceDB today by replicating denormalized checks back into their database (e.g. Postgres) or search index (e.g. Elastic) so that you can filter them natively. This is the combination of the aforementioned Lookup APIs with our Watch API. While this strategy requires moving parts, it is necessary beyond a particular scale which is well beyond the point at which policy engines typically fall over. While I'm biased, I do find this article somewhat misleading when describing Zanzibar-inspired systems; it presents opinion without any evidence or examples to justify the claim and concludes it as fact, but that might be because they're leaning on their previous article. Zanzibar is novel because it is fundamentally designed to be ran at the edge and solves the difficult problem of keeping the view of data at the edge consistent. This article conveniently leaves out how other systems get data to the edge while still keeping it consistent for their authorization logic. Latency is also brought up, but we recently managed to scale SpiceDB to >1M requests per second with 100B relationships while maintaining a 5ms p95 measured at the client application[0]. The claim that you absolutely need a service to run a Zanzibar system is a provably false claim based on the number of clusters in the wild running SpiceDB or Ory's Keto project. [0]: https://authzed.com/blog/google-scale-authorization https://authzed.com/blog/google-scale-authorization

orweis 3y ago
Jimmy I truly think you're awesome (And so is SpiceDB), but the irony here stands out: "it presents opinion without any evidence or examples to justify the claim and concludes it as fact" You mean stuff like: 1) "SpiceDB, the most mature open source project inspired by Zanzibar" (though I'd vouch for that one) 2) " it is necessary beyond a particular scale which is well beyond the point at which policy engines typically fall over." 3) "Zanzibar is novel because it is fundamentally designed to be ran at the edge" 4) "we recently managed to scale SpiceDB to >1M requests per second with 100B relationships while maintaining a 5ms p95 measured at the client application" - you should bundle that statement with you need to set it up within your own VPC for it to be fair. 5) "The claim that you absolutely need a service to run a Zanzibar system is a provably false claim based on the number of clusters in the wild running SpiceDB or Ory's Keto project" - how many clusters? :) Re: "This article conveniently leaves out how other systems get data to the edge while still keeping it consistent for their authorization logic" The article actually does mention OPAL [0] [0]: https://www.permit.io/blog/introduction-to-opal https://www.permit.io/blog/introduction-to-opal