How does one control that? Fundamentally, technology is knowledge combined with tools. You can’t control the knowledge, so the only thing left is control acces

How does one control that? Fundamentally, technology is knowledge combined with tools. You can’t control the knowledge, so the only thing left is control access to the tools. How do you do that, on a global scale? There is precedent, but it’s not easy. With nukes we’ve been fortunate that the tools are so expensive and difficult to obtain and create that only nation states can consider them. That could change if we find a cheap way to refine uranium or produce plutonium. With biology it’s harder to control because the tools have numerous research and peaceful uses.