All cooking can cause cancer regardless of the method used. "Total concentrations were 1.9-5.3 times higher during cooking than in the background air but, for

All cooking can cause cancer regardless of the method used. "Total concentrations were 1.9-5.3 times higher during cooking than in the background air but, for some compounds, differences of tens or hundreds of times were registered. PM10 from grilled pork was found to contribute to non-negligible cancer risks and to be very toxic, while samples from other dishes were categorised as toxic." https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33581534/ https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33581534/