> That said, maybe over time there will be new generations of battery tech that will make it viable to replace and even upgrade old electric vehicle batteries.

> That said, maybe over time there will be new generations of battery tech that will make it viable to replace and even upgrade old electric vehicle batteries. That exists in limited capacity today. There are shops that have replaced older Leaf model batteries with upgraded batteries. That's a big deal for some of the earliest Leaf models because they had tiny batteries by today's standards (or Tesla's) and get double or triple range compared to when they were new. There aren't going to be as many models today that will benefit in quite the same way as those early Leafs, but it will probably still be a niche thing once we figure out what the average lifecycle of a car battery is. (As you mention, it is certainly greater than ten years we're seeing from Tesla batteries and others. Based on current data, it seems like it may be close to 20 years or possibly more that batteries last in their "first use" in cars.) Also, there's a bunch of companies working on electrifying old ICE cars today, which uses similar skills. I think it's fun to watch decades old cars with very new life as EVs. Some of those cars drive better than they ever did before.