You don't need to do a state to do either of those things. Arming and teaching every resident how to defend themselves and each other and how to organize a res

You don't need to do a state to do either of those things. Arming and teaching every resident how to defend themselves and each other and how to organize a resistance against invaders is entirely sufficient to "defend against outside threats" and requires less firepower than a standing army capable of achieving the same (especially against, say, the United States). Of course having a geography that makes a land invasion difficult is a plus, historically. You don't need a carceral system or police force to "deal with" internal problems either. It might be worth looking into the concept of Transformative Justice (which is distinct from Restorative Justice). I recall a historical example of a culture in which when a "crime" happened, the community would gather and instead of expressing their grievances and the harm of the criminal's actions, the group would give examples for positive things the accused had done in the past. The idea being that the act must have been an aberration, not a defining trait of their character. It was then the offender's mission to demonstrate they were the better person they had been in the past. Of course a lot of "crimes" that exist in legal systems only exist because of hierarchical control (e.g. most offenses committed out of jealousy/impotence), desperation in inequality (e.g. most offenses commited for financial benefit) and lack of support structures (e.g. most drug-related offenses). "Murder" doesn't really exist in isolation and it's absurd that we should treat it as such.