PPP is a fair consideration, but Covid I think threw a lot of gdp relative measures out of whack for 2020-2022. And of course as mentioned in other threads, man

PPP is a fair consideration, but Covid I think threw a lot of gdp relative measures out of whack for 2020-2022. And of course as mentioned in other threads, many of the national healthcare systems have significant regulation of procedure and drug prices. Switzerland also iirc has enough public hospital services that it serves as an additional anchor to check private pricing.