> ...this pushes engineers to adopt number 2 Yup. Use of HQL/JPQL is proof that you shouldn't be using an ORM. Just use SQL instead. And once you have some SQL

> ...this pushes engineers to adopt number 2 Yup. Use of HQL/JPQL is proof that you shouldn't be using an ORM. Just use SQL instead. And once you have some SQL, it's just easier (overall) to do all SQL.