I'd be frustrated with React too if I worked in team where these things are not well understood. You don't need to read "multiple articles" about these things,

I'd be frustrated with React too if I worked in team where these things are not well understood. You don't need to read "multiple articles" about these things, they're explained clearly in the docs - https://react.dev/reference/react/useMemo#memoizing-a-function https://react.dev/reference/react/useMemo#memoizing-a-functi... - https://react.dev/reference/react/useCallback#how-is-usecallback-related-to-usememo https://react.dev/reference/react/useCallback#how-is-usecall... - https://react.dev/reference/react/useEffect#specifying-reactive-dependencies https://react.dev/reference/react/useEffect#specifying-react... To answer OP's questions, useCallback is function useCallback(fn, dependencies) { return useMemo(() => fn, dependencies); } As for useEffect, everything that might change between renders, eg props used in the effect, must go in the dependency array.