I saw a I think legit gov funded study that compared emissions by type and by vehicle class. It's a little dated. From memory. Passenger cars produce about 5-1

I saw a I think legit gov funded study that compared emissions by type and by vehicle class. It's a little dated. From memory. Passenger cars produce about 5-10 times more PM-2.5 from exhaust than tires. And about the same for brake dust. Older diesels are filthy. As are older motorcycles without cats. Newer ones are a lot better. My conclusion is EV's are probably trading reduced PM-2.5 from brakes to increased PM-2.5 from tires. Over all it's still significantly less PM-2.5. Although I'd be concerned about difference in health effects because PM-2.5 from exhaust, tires, and brakes aren't identical. Edit: Friend has been doing studies on how air pollution reacts on surfaces including PM-2.5. Makes me think the subject is actually very complicated. And state of knowledge is incomplete.