> Naive Bayes is an old spam filter that works on words independently from each other It should be pointed out that a lot of ML models operate on a 'bag of wor

> Naive Bayes is an old spam filter that works on words independently from each other It should be pointed out that a lot of ML models operate on a 'bag of words' approach where words (tokens) are considered without regard for structure/order. Bag of words is surprisingly powerful. It can be expanded to include n-grams (n words in order) and this makes it a powerful technique. Punctuation (where punctuation is counted as a token) is a crazy powerful predictor in text classification including spam.