I think it depends on how close the two languages are, but also I think that the effect is much more powerful when you are a child and your brain is more mallea

I think it depends on how close the two languages are, but also I think that the effect is much more powerful when you are a child and your brain is more malleable. For example, compared to Western languages, Chinese has very little grammar and words that are more ambiguous and with several meanings. This translates to a way of thinking that is more fuzzy, holistic, and high level, relying more on connections (intuitively, when you don't have grammatical constructs telling you the connection between things, you are forced to seek/guess it by yourself)