Systems that use error correcting and robustness codes, checksums, like used on CDs, plus duplication/redundancy. There are resilient file systems that will sp

Systems that use error correcting and robustness codes, checksums, like used on CDs, plus duplication/redundancy. There are resilient file systems that will spread ECC data chunks across multiple devices/media where bit-flips and partial media loss can be detected and repaired, sometimes automatically. There's offline backup software that'll do similar things.