No, not by many orders of magnitude. Even if you had sensors measuring temperature, pressure, humidity, wind velocity, etc. in every cubic metre of atmosphere,

No, not by many orders of magnitude. Even if you had sensors measuring temperature, pressure, humidity, wind velocity, etc. in every cubic metre of atmosphere, weather is chaotic (a tiny variation in starting conditions can lead to completely different outcomes) so you'd still only be able to predict a limited time ahead. Meteorologists have been working on this problem for a long time, and have thought of and tried every obvious idea (and many more). Weather prediction is literally where modern chaos theory started: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chaos_theory#History:~:text=His%20interest%20in%20chaos%20came%20about%20accidentally%20through%20his%20work%20on%20weather%20prediction%20in%201961 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chaos_theory#History:~:text=Hi...