I think at least some of it is outright fraud. A lot of these are being pushed by shameless spammers and former crypto hucksters. Some of the vanity metrics l

I think at least some of it is outright fraud. A lot of these are being pushed by shameless spammers and former crypto hucksters. Some of the vanity metrics like followers and stars can just be bought if you have a few bucks, and boosting those numbers makes it easier to cheat and convince others to give you more money. This cycle effectively pays for itself assuming you don't care about the reputational risks.