An interesting article. I think one of the major challenges in deep dives like this that rely heavily on HoME is that there is so much material that was clearly

An interesting article. I think one of the major challenges in deep dives like this that rely heavily on HoME is that there is so much material that was clearly discarded, reconsidered, or reworked later in Tolkien's life. The steel ships/rockets/etc. of some of the earlier versions of Ar-Pharazon's fleet is a great example of this, which I don't think has a proper disclaimer in the article. It is one of the downsides of using HoME as a source, it is a collection of rough drafts over the course of Tolkien's entire life and the textual history, and evolution, is a critical part of discussing anything you find within especially the earlier volumes.