I think the free market idea can work somewhat at the individual level, assuming proper tools are in place. What would have to happen is variable rate based on

I think the free market idea can work somewhat at the individual level, assuming proper tools are in place. What would have to happen is variable rate based on the amount you consume -- you get the first X KWh for the base price, going over that is where you pay the premium. So you can choose to run your AC at 72F, or 85F and not go over your allotment (or run at night to super cool your house, back off in the day, and have good insulation). Now I don't know if a tiered system is common / available at the household level, I know it exists for businesses in various markets. A second individual option would be to use a gas generator if the electric rates are too high, and install solar for longer term savings. Individual gas generators would be a horrible option for climate change, but may be a short term solution while waiting to install solar.