There is no such thing as "raw data" independent of past practice, because all measurements gain their meaning from a model (though this is more or less explici

There is no such thing as "raw data" independent of past practice, because all measurements gain their meaning from a model (though this is more or less explicit in different engineering and scientific contexts). For example, we might say that a "thermocouple is a temperature sensor". But a bunch of physical assumptions have to be made - a model needs to be adopted - in order for a person to justify a temperature reading using a thermocouple. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thermocouple#Principle_of_operation https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thermocouple#Principle_of_oper...