> If the update was truly pixel based there should be no Why? Nobody said that the cell is "reset". The cell is modified. The resulting state depends on the fo

> If the update was truly pixel based there should be no Why? Nobody said that the cell is "reset". The cell is modified. The resulting state depends on the former state. This causes ghosting. To achieve what you are suggesting, the procedure would be e.g. to first set the pixel black, then white (reset to a base state), then the greyscale value of the intended content. This would slow down rendering dramatically, and make regions flicker. And, note, this may be something that some "EPD waveforms" do - but there are tradeoffs... E.g. Fast? Ok, lose the greyscales. Detailed? Ok, get lots of flashing at update. Mid-way? Ok get some degree of ghosting.