Indeed, had Francis been accused of heresy, he would have been prosecuted. A better term might be "reformer." Excommunication is a finding that someone is not

Indeed, had Francis been accused of heresy, he would have been prosecuted. A better term might be "reformer." Excommunication is a finding that someone is not eligible for communion. Now, being a "reformer" runs you the risk of falling afoul of the authorities, and a finding of heresy could result from that.