I am not seeing it mentioned anywhere, but for people looking for a good starting point on "low-level" CPU performance debugging, intel's CPU top-down u-archite

I am not seeing it mentioned anywhere, but for people looking for a good starting point on "low-level" CPU performance debugging, intel's CPU top-down u-architecture method (https://www.intel.com/content/www/us/en/docs/vtune-profiler/cookbook/2023-0/top-down-microarchitecture-analysis-method.html https://www.intel.com/content/www/us/en/docs/vtune-profiler/...) is a good systematic way to understand where you CPU is speeding most of it's cycle. They also have two tools which basically implement this analysis and spit a bunch of very useful metric that are actionable and very easy to understand - Intel Vtune is a fantastic tool to start with. It's currently free to use, support most OSes and very friendly to use for beginner. - Intel pmu-tools (https://github.com/andikleen/pmu-tools https://github.com/andikleen/pmu-tools) is basically command line version of Vtune.