If the US had annexed/colonized/assimilated the Philippines permanently (post 1920s), it would have had to resolve the 500 years of unresolved history of Mindan

If the US had annexed/colonized/assimilated the Philippines permanently (post 1920s), it would have had to resolve the 500 years of unresolved history of Mindanao and Sulu: first colonized /occupied by Spanish [0], then by the US itself. The US role in the Philippine-American War (1899-1902) is underdiscussed, but it includes large-scale civilian deaths, cholera, famine, torture, mutilation, executions, (by both sides) concentration camps; it has been claimed the cholera was intentionally used against the civilian population. Casualties were as high as 1 million of the 6-7 million total population. [1] Mark Twain (along with other anti-imperialists) famously opposed the war and said it betrayed the ideals of American democracy by not allowing the Filipino people to choose their own destiny. The Moro Rebellion (1899–1913) was an armed conflict between the Moro people (Muslims in Southern Philippines: Mindanao, Jolo, Sulu) and the US military during the Philippine–American War. [2] [0]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mindanao#Spanish_colonization_and_Christianity https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mindanao#Spanish_colonization_... [1]: Casualties https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philippine%E2%80%93American_War#Casualties https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philippine%E2%80%93American_Wa... [2]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moro_Rebellion https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moro_Rebellion