Build industry, and educate the people to be able to work in those industries, to supply goods and services. Spread economic resources around to create a middle

Build industry, and educate the people to be able to work in those industries, to supply goods and services. Spread economic resources around to create a middle class that generates demand for goods and services. That’s the pattern that works for every else on Earth, and there’s no reason that deserts would prevent it. The situation is made harder by some factors, but conveniently they currently have lots of money to overcome those difficulties.