I wouldn't say "even fraud." My experience is about half of the high-profile results from my alma mater (MIT) these days are fraud. Note the selection bias: "H

I wouldn't say "even fraud." My experience is about half of the high-profile results from my alma mater (MIT) these days are fraud. Note the selection bias: "High-profile." Plenty of grad students still do honest research. They just don't generate thousands of citations, media coverage, or find academic jobs. I firmly believe tenure should be obsoleted, and academics should be fired for any sort of documented dishonesty, anywhere. Lying is not okay if you're engaged in the search for knowledge. If a person intentionally lies in a popular science book, a court case, or a newspaper article, they should be out.