I don't think your last point is quite right. there is a large amount of fraud (real fraud, photoshopping images to show fake scientific results) in biology, s

I don't think your last point is quite right. there is a large amount of fraud (real fraud, photoshopping images to show fake scientific results) in biology, some of which has directly led to serious pharmaceutical investments in drugs that don't work. Recently Cassava Sciences got in trouble for this. https://www.nytimes.com/2022/04/18/health/alzheimers-cassava-simufilam.html https://www.nytimes.com/2022/04/18/health/alzheimers-cassava... as far as the alleged data fraud in this story, at least two of the authors have made a lot of money giving talks, consulting, and acting as scientific advisors on the basis of their research, so there's also fairly serious financial stakes.