[2] is actually a phenomenally easy read for a physics paper, but it does assume an undergraduate physics degree's level of background. First, it's important t

[2] is actually a phenomenally easy read for a physics paper, but it does assume an undergraduate physics degree's level of background. First, it's important to know that a quantum state (written as |letter>) is not directly observable. We can think of it as some vector, for which we can only apply an operation to to get out a scalar observable. A quantum circuit is a series of operations on a quantum state to create a different quantum state, which can be modeled as a matrix U, which is unitary (meaning U*U=1). The goal of "sampling a random quantum circuit" is trying to find the probability of observing some given observable if you keep applying random quantum circuits to a given input state.