Great blog post. Some observations: Ada was not originally an object-oriented language, though it eventually became so. But the 432 project predated Ada and pi

Great blog post. Some observations: Ada was not originally an object-oriented language, though it eventually became so. But the 432 project predated Ada and pivoted to that language when it came out. Intel had to adapt Ada to work with objects (it was pretty close already). An advantage of the 33 bit scheme to protect capabilities is that you can push them on the stack where they will get mixed with normal data and then pop them later such that everything still works. In the 432 style you would need two separate stacks or awkwardly work around not being able to push/pop capabilities. The "AND NOT" instruction is interesting for using a mask to clear bits. which is why it is called "BIC" on the ARM. While the 186 and 286 were flawed for making IBM PC compatible machines, for what they had been designed for they did a pretty good job.