Both Azure and GCP have really good spot pricing in many regions (~90% off). E.g. GCP C3 pricing is $0.003/vCPU hour and $0.004 for 1GB RAM -- where C3 = Intel

Both Azure and GCP have really good spot pricing in many regions (~90% off). E.g. GCP C3 pricing is $0.003/vCPU hour and $0.004 for 1GB RAM -- where C3 = Intel Sapphire Rapids (latest gen), which should be quite a bit faster than a C5 (older Intel). c3-highcpu-88 (44 real cores) is $0.344/hr hence N2D (AMD Milan) has equivalents that's also in a similar price bracket See: https://cloud.google.com/compute/vm-instance-pricing#general-purpose_machine_type_family https://cloud.google.com/compute/vm-instance-pricing#general... Azure has similar prices for spot with AMD CPU. On a "smaller" cloud, Oracle cloud E4 (AMD Milan) prices are also a lot cheaper than AWS. For an even smaller cloud there's also Hetzner cloud with dedicated cores or dedicated servers even.