"Far less noticed was a revised version of their paper, published in May by the Federal Reserve Bank of New York." The Fed certainly have an agenda here. And

"Far less noticed was a revised version of their paper, published in May by the Federal Reserve Bank of New York." The Fed certainly have an agenda here. And then there's that some of these studies seem to comparing pre-covid productivity to during or after covid, which are quite different worlds. It might well be the case that trading houses and investment banks can be more 'productive' in-person, since gossip, insider-ish tips, feeling the trading sentiment, collusion etc, is far easier. I think the take-away is that it very much depends on the work. One factor of in-office productivity might be the unreported over-time that is almost always a part of office life (can you just do X before you leave/over lunch, etc).