I remember when early 2000s enterprise web development had J2EE, a convoluted mess of over-abstraction oversold by Sun, presumably so they could sell more serve

I remember when early 2000s enterprise web development had J2EE, a convoluted mess of over-abstraction oversold by Sun, presumably so they could sell more servers. I recall a Sun consultant telling us that this was the "one true way". Meanwhile, we got the job done with PHP (albeit the kind of PHP that got written in the early 2000s could be its own convoluted mess). Now you hear consultants telling you Kubernetes on top of whatever cloud service they are shilling is the one true way, or some other convoluted mess built on top of a Jenga tower of Cloud Formation and Terraform configuration files. JSON has replaced XML but otherwise, same old.