The formation of a cartel indicates market failure. The source of this is usually due to some property of the good or service. In that link, the property appea

The formation of a cartel indicates market failure. The source of this is usually due to some property of the good or service. In that link, the property appears to be the licensing of legal practitioners as a sign of competence to represent clients, but it does not address the structure of incentives around providing the service of practicing law. What properties could a disruptive business exploit to improve the situation?